Colors in French : complete course

Learning a new language starts with the basics — and one of the most fun and visual topics to explore is colors. Les couleurs en français (colors in French) are some of the first words you will need in everyday life. Whether you are shopping, describing your clothes, or talking about nature, colors come up all the time.

Simple Examples to Get Started

Here are a few everyday sentences using colors in French:

• Le ciel est bleu. — The sky is blue.
• J’aime la robe rouge. — I like the red dress.
• Il a une voiture noire. — He has a black car.
• Le chat est blanc. — The cat is white.

As you can see, colors are used just like in English — they describe nouns. But there are a few important rules to know.

Les éléments des couleurs en français

Let’s break down the key things to understand about colors in French.

The Basic Colors

Here is a list of the most common colors you need to know at this stage:

French	English	Example sentence
rouge	red	Une pomme rouge — A red apple
bleu / bleue	blue	Un stylo bleu — A blue pen
vert / verte	green	Une feuille verte — A green leaf
jaune	yellow	Un citron jaune — A yellow lemon
noir / noire	black	Un chat noir — A black cat
blanc / blanche	white	Une fleur blanche — A white flower
orange	orange	Un sac orange — An orange bag
rose	pink	Une chemise rose — A pink shirt
gris / grise	grey	Un manteau gris — A grey coat
violet / violette	purple	Une fleur violette — A purple flower

Colors and Gender Agreement

In French, adjectives must agree with the gender of the noun they describe. This means colors change depending on whether the noun is masculine or feminine.

• Un pantalon noir (masculine) — Black trousers
• Une jupe noire (feminine) — A black skirt
• Un pull vert (masculine) — A green jumper
• Une veste verte (feminine) — A green jacket

The general rule is: add an -e to the color for feminine nouns. However, some colors like rouge, jaune, rose, and orange do not change — they already end in a silent -e or are considered invariable.

Colors and Plural Agreement

Colors also change in the plural form. You usually add an -s at the end:

• Des chaussures noires — Black shoes
• Des stylos bleus — Blue pens
• Des robes rouges — Red dresses

Note: Colors that come from nouns — like orange or marron (brown, from the word for chestnut) — do not take a plural -s. For example: Des chaussures marron (not marrons).

Why Colors in French Matter

You might wonder: why focus on colors so early? The answer is simple — colors appear everywhere in daily life. When you go shopping, you need to say what color you want. When you describe someone, you mention their hair or eyes. When you talk about the weather or nature, colors help paint a picture.

Knowing colors also helps you build longer, more natural sentences. Instead of just saying Je veux un manteau (I want a coat), you can say Je veux un manteau rouge (I want a red coat). Small words like colors make a big difference in communication.

Comparaison avec d’autres langues

If you already speak English or Spanish, you will notice some similarities — and some important differences.

English	French	Spanish
red	rouge	rojo / roja
blue	bleu / bleue	azul
green	vert / verte	verde
white	blanc / blanche	blanco / blanca
black	noir / noire	negro / negra

In English, colors never change — red is always red. In French and Spanish, colors must agree with the noun in gender and number. Spanish and French work in a very similar way here, so if you know Spanish, French gender agreement will feel familiar.

Exemple complet

Here is a short paragraph describing someone’s outfit using colors in French:

Marie porte une robe bleue et des chaussures noires. Elle a aussi un sac blanc et une écharpe rouge. Ses yeux sont verts et ses cheveux sont bruns.

Translation: Marie is wearing a blue dress and black shoes. She also has a white bag and a red scarf. Her eyes are green and her hair is brown.

Notice how each color agrees with the noun it describes — feminine or masculine, singular or plural.

Points à retenir

• Colors in French are adjectives — they describe nouns.
• They must agree in gender (masculine/feminine) and number (singular/plural).
• Add -e for feminine and -s for plural in most cases.
• Some colors like orange and marron are invariable — they never change.
• Knowing basic colors helps you speak more naturally in everyday situations.

Sources

• Bescherelle — La grammaire pour tous, Hatier, 2019.
• Larousse — Grammaire du français, Larousse, 2018. Disponible sur www.larousse.fr
• TV5Monde — Ressources pédagogiques pour apprenants de français. Disponible sur apprendre.tv5monde.com