Improvising in English : complete course

Basic Conversations in English & Improvising in English

What Does It Mean?

Basic conversations in English are simple, everyday exchanges between two or more people. They include greetings, introductions, and short questions and answers. Improvising in English means speaking spontaneously, without a prepared script, using the words and phrases you already know.

Together, these two skills form the foundation of real communication. When you can improvise, you stop being afraid of making mistakes and start actually talking.

Simple Examples to Get Started

Here are some very common basic conversations:

• Meeting someone new: “Hi! My name is Anna. What’s your name?” — “Nice to meet you, I’m Tom.”
• At a café: “Can I have a coffee, please?” — “Sure! Anything else?” — “No, thank you.”
• Asking for directions: “Excuse me, where is the train station?” — “It’s just around the corner.”
• Talking about your day: “How are you?” — “I’m fine, thanks. A little tired, but okay!”

These examples show that basic conversations use short, simple sentences. You do not need complex vocabulary to communicate effectively.

The Key Elements of Improvising in English

Improvising in English is a skill. It can be broken down into several important parts.

1. Using Filler Words and Phrases

Filler words are words or phrases that give you time to think. They make your speech sound more natural and fluid.

• “Well…” — used when you need a moment to think
• “You know…” — used to connect ideas
• “I mean…” — used to clarify what you said
• “Let me think…” — honest and very natural
• “Actually…” — used to introduce a different idea

Example: “Well, I’m not sure exactly, but I think the museum is… let me think… maybe ten minutes from here?”

2. Paraphrasing When You Don’t Know a Word

Paraphrasing means describing something using different words. This is one of the most powerful improvisation tools. If you forget a word, explain it!

• You forget the word “umbrella” → Say: “It’s the thing you use when it rains… you hold it above your head.”
• You forget the word “pharmacy” → Say: “The place where you buy medicine.”
• You forget the word “receipt” → Say: “The paper they give you after you pay.”

This technique keeps the conversation going, even when your vocabulary is limited.

3. Asking for Help Naturally

Good improvisers are not afraid to ask for help during a conversation. Asking for clarification is a normal and polite part of communication.

• “Sorry, could you repeat that, please?”
• “What does that word mean?”
• “Can you speak more slowly, please?”
• “How do you say… in English?”

These phrases show confidence, not weakness. Native speakers respect learners who ask questions.

4. Recycling Phrases You Already Know

A great improvisation strategy is to recycle phrases from previous conversations or lessons. You do not need to invent new sentences every time.

• Learn one question structure: “Can I have…?” — use it everywhere: “Can I have the menu?” / “Can I have your number?” / “Can I have more time?”
• Learn “I would like…” → “I would like a table for two.” / “I would like to pay, please.”

Why Basic Conversations and Improvising in English Matter

You might wonder: “Why not just memorize dialogues?” Here is why improvisation is more powerful:

• Real life is unpredictable. People do not follow a script. You need to adapt.
• It builds confidence. Every time you improvise successfully, your fear of speaking decreases.
• It accelerates learning. When you struggle to find words, your brain works harder and remembers better.
• It makes conversations enjoyable. Spontaneous exchanges feel more human and authentic.
• It reduces dependence on translation. You start thinking directly in English, not translating from your native language.

Comparison with Other Languages

Different languages handle improvisation and basic conversation in different ways. Here is a useful comparison:

Feature	English	French	Spanish
Common filler word	“Well…” / “You know…”	“Euh…” / “Ben…”	“Pues…” / “Este…”
Asking to repeat	“Sorry?” / “Could you repeat?”	“Pardon?” / “Vous pouvez répéter?”	“¿Perdón?” / “¿Puede repetir?”
Word order	Subject + Verb + Object (fixed)	Subject + Verb + Object (flexible)	More flexible, subject often dropped
Verb conjugation complexity	Simple (few forms)	Complex (many forms)	Complex (many forms)
Politeness forms	“You” (one form for all)	“Tu” vs “Vous”	“Tú” vs “Usted”
Typical greeting	“Hi! How are you?”	“Salut ! Ça va ?”	“¡Hola! ¿Cómo estás?”

Key observation: English has simpler verb conjugation than French or Spanish. This actually makes improvising easier in English for many beginners. You spend less energy on grammar and more energy on communication.

A Complete Example: An Improvised Conversation

Here is a realistic example of an improvised conversation in English. Notice how the learner uses filler words, paraphrasing, and asking for help.

Situation: A tourist talks to a local in a city.

Tourist: “Excuse me! Hi. I’m looking for… um… the big building where you look at old things… paintings and… you know, art?”

Local: “Oh, you mean the art museum?”

Tourist: “Yes! Exactly. The museum. Sorry, I forgot the word. How do I get there?”

Local: “No problem! Go straight, then turn left at the traffic lights.”

Tourist: “Sorry, could you repeat? Turn… left?”

Local: “Yes, turn left.”

Tourist: “Perfect. Thank you so much! Have a great day!”

Local: “You too! Good luck!”

What did the tourist do well?

• Used filler words: “um…”, “you know”
• Paraphrased “museum”: “the big building where you look at old things”
• Asked for repetition politely: “Sorry, could you repeat?”
• Stayed calm and kept the conversation going
• Used a standard closing: “Have a great day!”

Key Takeaways

• Basic conversations use short, simple sentences. You do not need advanced vocabulary.
• Improvising means using what you know — creatively and confidently.
• Learn a set of filler words (“well”, “I mean”, “you know”) to buy time while thinking.
• Paraphrase when you forget a word. Describe it instead.
• Always feel free to ask for help: “Can you repeat?” or “What does that mean?”
• Recycle phrases you know — one structure can work in many situations.
• English is relatively simple in terms of conjugation, which makes it a great language for practicing improvisation.
• The goal is communication, not perfection.

Sources

• Thornbury, S. (2005). How to Teach Speaking. Pearson Longman. — A key reference on teaching spontaneous oral communication in a second language.
• Ur, P. (1996). A Course in Language Teaching: Practice and Theory. Cambridge University Press. — Covers communication strategies and the role of improvisation in language learning.
• Nation, I.S.P. & Newton, J. (2009). Teaching ESL/EFL Listening and Speaking. Routledge. — Explores how learners develop fluency through real conversational tasks and spontaneous speech.