Collocations in English : complete course

What Are Collocations?

A collocation is a pair or group of words that naturally go together in a language. Native speakers use them automatically, without thinking. When you learn collocations, your English sounds more natural and fluent.

Think of collocations as ‘word friends’ — some words simply prefer to be used together. Knowing these combinations is a key step toward speaking and writing like a native English speaker.

Simple Examples to Get Started

Here are a few everyday collocations you may already know:

• Make a decision — not do a decision
• Take a break — not have a break (in American English)
• Heavy rain — not strong rain
• Fast food — not quick food

As you can see, the meaning of each individual word may be clear, but only one combination sounds correct to a native speaker.

The Key Elements of Collocations in English

Collocations come in many forms. Understanding the different types will help you recognise and learn them more easily.

1. Verb + Noun Collocations

This is one of the most common types. A specific verb is paired with a specific noun.

• Do homework — not make homework
• Make progress — not do progress
• Pay attention — not give attention
• Catch a cold — not get a cold (though both exist, ‘catch’ is more natural)

2. Adjective + Noun Collocations

Certain adjectives go naturally with certain nouns. The choice of adjective often cannot be translated word-for-word from another language.

• Strong coffee — not powerful coffee
• Big mistake — not large mistake (both are possible, but ‘big mistake’ is far more natural)
• Deep sleep — not profound sleep
• High temperature — not tall temperature

3. Adverb + Adjective Collocations

These combinations are very common in both spoken and written English, especially at higher levels.

• Deeply disappointed — not very much disappointed
• Fully aware — not totally aware (though ‘totally’ is also used informally)
• Highly recommended — not very recommended

Why Collocations Matter in English

Learning vocabulary word by word is not enough. You can know what ‘make’ and ‘decision’ mean separately, but if you say ‘do a decision’, it will sound unnatural to a native speaker — even if the meaning is understood.

Here is why collocations are so important:

• They make your English sound natural and confident.
• They help you understand native speakers and authentic texts more easily.
• They improve your writing style, especially in formal or professional contexts.
• They reduce hesitation — collocations are ‘ready-made’ chunks of language.

Research in linguistics shows that a large part of natural speech is made up of fixed or semi-fixed expressions. Learning collocations is therefore not just a grammar exercise — it is a key strategy for real fluency.

Comparison With Other Languages

One of the biggest challenges with collocations is that they rarely translate directly from one language to another. Here are some useful comparisons:

As you can see, even between French and Spanish — two closely related languages — the collocations do not always match English. This is why you should always learn collocations as a whole unit, not word by word.

A Complete Example

Let us look at a short paragraph using natural English collocations. Each collocation is shown in italics:

‘She made a decision to take a break from work. She was deeply tired and needed to get some rest. After a few days, she made progress with her health and felt fully recovered.’

Now, here are the collocations used in this paragraph:

• Make a decision — verb + noun
• Take a break — verb + noun
• Deeply tired — adverb + adjective
• Get some rest — verb + noun
• Make progress — verb + noun
• Fully recovered — adverb + adjective

Every one of these combinations is a fixed collocation. Replacing any word with a synonym would sound unnatural to a native English speaker.

Key Takeaways

• A collocation is a group of words that naturally belong together in English.
• The most common types are: verb + noun, adjective + noun, and adverb + adjective.
• Collocations cannot always be translated directly from French, Spanish, or other languages.
• Learning collocations helps you sound more natural, read more easily, and write more effectively.
• Always try to learn new vocabulary as part of a collocation, not as an isolated word.

Start small: each time you learn a new noun, try to find at least two or three verbs or adjectives that go with it. Over time, this habit will make a big difference to your English.

Sources

• Nation, I.S.P. (2001). Learning Vocabulary in Another Language. Cambridge University Press.
• Lewis, M. (1993). The Lexical Approach. Language Teaching Publications.
• Benson, M., Benson, E., and Ilson, R. (1997). The BBI Dictionary of English Word Combinations. John Benjamins Publishing.