Greetings in Spanish : complete course

What Are Greetings in Spanish?

Greetings in Spanish are the words and phrases you use to say hello, goodbye, or ask how someone is doing. They are the very first thing you learn when you start speaking a new language. Knowing how to greet someone correctly helps you make a good first impression and start any conversation with confidence.

Simple Examples to Get You Started

Here are a few everyday greetings you will hear in Spanish-speaking countries:

• Hola — Hello
• Buenos días — Good morning
• Buenas tardes — Good afternoon
• Buenas noches — Good evening / Good night
• Adiós — Goodbye

These expressions are used every day, in every Spanish-speaking country. They are short, simple, and easy to remember.

The Main Elements of Spanish Greetings

Spanish greetings can be divided into a few key categories. Let us look at each one.

Formal vs Informal Greetings

In Spanish, the way you greet someone depends on your relationship with them. You speak differently to a friend than to a doctor or a boss.

Notice that formal greetings use usted (the formal ‘you’), while informal greetings use tú (the casual ‘you’).

Time-Based Greetings

Like many languages, Spanish changes the greeting depending on the time of day.

• Buenos días — used in the morning (until around noon)
• Buenas tardes — used in the afternoon (from noon to sunset)
• Buenas noches — used in the evening or at night

A useful tip: you can simply say Buenas at any time of day. It is a short and friendly way to greet someone without worrying about the clock!

Asking How Someone Is Doing

After saying hello, it is common to ask how someone is. Here are a few useful phrases:

• ¿Cómo estás? — How are you? (informal)
• ¿Cómo está usted? — How are you? (formal)
• ¿Qué tal? — How is it going? (very casual)
• ¿Todo bien? — Everything okay?

And here are some common answers:

• Bien, gracias. — Fine, thank you.
• Muy bien, ¿y tú? — Very well, and you?
• Más o menos. — So-so.

Why Spanish Greetings Matter

You might think greetings are just polite formalities. But in Spanish-speaking cultures, greetings are actually very important. They show respect, warmth, and interest in the other person.

In many Latin American countries and in Spain, people greet each other even if they do not know each other well. In a small shop, a bakery, or an elevator, it is normal to say Hola or Buenos días to everyone present.

Skipping a greeting can seem rude. On the other hand, greeting someone properly — even with just a simple Hola, ¿cómo estás? — shows that you are respectful and friendly. It opens doors and makes conversations much easier.

Comparison with Other Languages

If you already speak French or English, you will find some similarities — and a few differences.

One interesting difference: in French and English, ‘Good morning’ and ‘Good day’ are often the same word (Bonjour). In Spanish, each part of the day has its own greeting. This makes Spanish greetings a little more specific.

Also, Spanish always uses an upside-down question mark (¿) at the start of a question. This is unique to Spanish and helps the reader prepare for a question before they finish reading the sentence.

A Complete Example

Here is a short dialogue between two people meeting for the first time at work:

• Ana: Buenos días, me llamo Ana. ¿Cómo está usted? — Good morning, my name is Ana. How are you?
• Carlos: Buenos días, Ana. Muy bien, gracias. Soy Carlos, mucho gusto. — Good morning, Ana. Very well, thank you. I am Carlos, nice to meet you.
• Ana: Mucho gusto, Carlos. — Nice to meet you, Carlos.

This is a simple, natural exchange. It uses formal language because Ana and Carlos do not know each other yet. Notice how both people say mucho gusto — this is the standard way to say ‘nice to meet you’ in Spanish.

Key Takeaways

• Spanish greetings change depending on the time of day: buenos días, buenas tardes, buenas noches.
• Use tú with friends and usted with people you do not know well or in formal situations.
• Saying Hola and asking ¿Cómo estás? is a great way to start any casual conversation.
• In Spanish-speaking cultures, greetings are a sign of respect and friendliness — do not skip them!
• If you are unsure about the time, just say Buenas — it works any time of day.

Sources

• Real Academia Española (RAE) — Diccionario de la lengua española. Available at: www.rae.es
• Instituto Cervantes — El español en el mundo. Available at: www.cervantes.es
• Moreno Fernández, F. (2010). Las variedades de la lengua española y su enseñanza. Arco Libros.