Interjections in French : complete course

What Is an Interjection?

An interjection is a word or short phrase used to express a sudden feeling or reaction. It stands alone and does not connect grammatically to the rest of the sentence. In French, interjections are very common in everyday speech and give your language a natural, expressive feel.

Simple Examples to Get Started

Before diving deeper, here are a few French interjections you might already know:

• Ah ! – expressing surprise or realization
• Oh ! – showing wonder or shock
• Aïe ! – reacting to pain (like ‘ouch!’)
• Bravo ! – showing approval or congratulations

These small words carry a lot of emotion. Even as a beginner, learning a few of them will make your French sound much more natural.

The Key Elements of French Interjections

French interjections can be grouped into several categories based on the emotion or reaction they express. Let’s explore the main ones.

1. Interjections of Surprise or Emotion

These are used when something unexpected happens or when you feel a strong emotion.

• Oh là là ! – This can mean surprise, admiration, or even worry. Example: Oh là là, c’est magnifique ! (Wow, it’s beautiful!)
• Ah bon ? – Used to express surprise at new information. Example: Ah bon, tu parles français ? (Really? You speak French?)
• Tiens ! – Expresses mild surprise. Example: Tiens, je ne savais pas ça. (Oh, I didn’t know that.)

2. Interjections of Pain or Discomfort

These are instinctive reactions to physical or emotional pain.

• Aïe ! – Pain. Example: Aïe ! Je me suis fait mal. (Ouch! I hurt myself.)
• Ouille ! – Similar to ‘aïe’, often used for minor pain.
• Zut ! – Frustration or mild annoyance. Example: Zut, j’ai oublié mes clés ! (Darn, I forgot my keys!)

3. Interjections of Approval or Encouragement

Use these to cheer someone on or show that you agree.

• Bravo ! – Well done! Example: Bravo, tu as réussi l’examen ! (Well done, you passed the exam!)
• Allez ! – Come on! / Let’s go! Example: Allez, on y va ! (Come on, let’s go!)
• Super ! – Great! Example: Super, c’est une bonne idée ! (Great, that’s a good idea!)

Why French Interjections Matter

You might wonder: do I really need to learn interjections? The answer is yes! Here is why:

• They make your French sound natural and spontaneous.
• They help you understand native speakers better in conversations and films.
• They allow you to express emotions quickly, even if your vocabulary is still limited.
• They are easy to learn and remember because they are short and tied to feelings.

Think of interjections as small tools that help you connect with people emotionally. A simple Bravo ! or Aïe ! at the right moment shows that you are engaged in the conversation.

Comparison With Other Languages

If you already speak English or Spanish, you will notice that interjections work in a very similar way across languages. Here is a quick comparison:

As you can see, some interjections like Bravo and Ah are almost identical across languages. Others, like Oh là là, are uniquely French and carry a specific cultural tone.

A Full Example in Context

Here is a short dialogue that uses several French interjections naturally. Read it slowly and pay attention to how each one adds emotion to the conversation.

Marie: Regarde, j’ai gagné un prix ! (Look, I won a prize!)

Paul: Ah bon ? Bravo, Marie ! C’est super ! (Really? Well done, Marie! That’s great!)

Marie: Oui, mais zut, j’ai perdu mon ticket. (Yes, but darn, I lost my ticket.)

Paul: Oh là là ! Cherchons-le ensemble. (Oh no! Let’s look for it together.)

Notice how the interjections make the dialogue feel alive and real. Without them, the conversation would sound flat and robotic.

Key Points to Remember

• An interjection expresses a feeling or reaction and stands alone in a sentence.
• French interjections can show surprise, pain, joy, frustration, or encouragement.
• Common examples include Aïe !, Bravo !, Zut !, Oh là là ! and Allez !
• They are followed by an exclamation mark in writing.
• Learning interjections early will make your spoken French sound more natural.
• Many interjections are similar across French, English, and Spanish, which makes them easier to remember.

Start by picking two or three interjections from this article and try to use them in your daily practice. Even saying Aïe ! when you make a mistake or Super ! when something goes well is a great first step.

Sources

• Riegel, M., Pellat, J.-C., & Rioul, R. (2009). Grammaire méthodique du français. Presses Universitaires de France.
• Grevisse, M., & Goosse, A. (2011). Le Bon Usage (15th ed.). De Boeck Supérieur.
• Council of Europe. (2020). Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment (CEFR). Council of Europe Publishing.