Greetings in English : complete course

What Are Greetings in English?

Greetings are the words and phrases we use when we meet someone or start a conversation. They are one of the first things you learn in a new language. Knowing how to greet people in English helps you feel more confident in everyday situations.

Greetings can be formal or informal, short or long. They depend on the situation, the time of day, and the person you are speaking to.

• ‘Hello!’ – a simple and universal greeting
• ‘Good morning!’ – used in the morning
• ‘Hey!’ – a very casual, friendly greeting

The Main Elements of English Greetings

English greetings have several important parts. Understanding these parts will help you use them correctly and naturally.

1. Time-Based Greetings

Some greetings depend on the time of day. Here are the most common ones:

2. Formal vs Informal Greetings

In English, you do not speak the same way to your boss and to your best friend. Here is the difference:

3. Common Replies to Greetings

Greetings are not one-way. You also need to know how to reply. Here are some simple examples:

• ‘Hello!’ → ‘Hello! How are you?’
• ‘How are you?’ → ‘I am fine, thank you. And you?’
• ‘Good morning!’ → ‘Good morning! Have a nice day!’
• ‘What’s up?’ → ‘Not much, you?’

Why English Greetings Are Important

Greetings are the door to every conversation. If you start well, the rest of the exchange becomes easier and more natural. In English-speaking countries, greetings are used very often, even with strangers.

For example, in the United Kingdom or the United States, people often say ‘Hi!’ or ‘How are you?’ to people they barely know. It is a sign of politeness and friendliness, not a deep question about your health.

Learning greetings also helps you:

• Make a good first impression
• Show respect for the other person
• Feel more comfortable speaking English
• Understand spoken English in real life situations

Comparison With Other Languages

If you speak French or Spanish, you will notice that English greetings are often simpler in structure. Here is a quick comparison:

One key difference: in French and Spanish, the formal ‘you’ (vous / usted) is different from the informal ‘you’ (tu). In English, there is only one word: ‘you’. This makes English greetings a little easier for beginners!

A Complete Example

Here is a short, realistic dialogue using English greetings. This happens at an office on a Monday morning:

• Sarah: ‘Good morning, David! How are you?’
• David: ‘Good morning, Sarah! I am great, thank you. And you?’
• Sarah: ‘I am fine, thanks. Have a good day!’
• David: ‘You too! See you later.’

Now here is the same situation but in a casual, informal setting between two friends:

• Tom: ‘Hey! What’s up?’
• Lisa: ‘Hey! Not much. You?’
• Tom: ‘All good! See you around!’

Key Points to Remember

• Greetings in English can be formal or informal. Choose based on the situation.
• Time-based greetings like ‘Good morning’ or ‘Good evening’ are polite and natural.
• ‘Hello’ and ‘Hi’ are the most universal greetings. You can use them almost anywhere.
• Always reply to a greeting. It is part of basic English politeness.
• In English, ‘you’ is always ‘you’. No need to choose between formal and informal like in French or Spanish.
• Practice these phrases out loud. The more you say them, the more natural they become.

Sources

• Council of Europe. (2001). Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). Cambridge University Press.
• Thornbury, S. (2006). An A-Z of ELT. Macmillan Education.
• Crystal, D. (2003). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.