Articles in Spanish : complete course

What Are Articles in Spanish?

In Spanish, articles are small words placed before nouns. They tell us whether we are talking about something specific or something general. Every noun in Spanish has a gender (masculine or feminine) and a number (singular or plural), and the article must match both.

For example, you say el libro (the book) and una mesa (a table). The article changes depending on the noun it describes.

• El perro – the dog
• Una casa – a house
• Los niños – the children

The Main Components of Spanish Articles

Spanish articles are divided into two main categories: definite articles and indefinite articles. Each category has four forms depending on gender and number.

Definite Articles

Definite articles are used when you talk about something specific, something both the speaker and the listener know about. In English, this is simply ‘the’.

• El gato – the cat (masculine, singular)
• La flor – the flower (feminine, singular)
• Los gatos – the cats (masculine, plural)
• Las flores – the flowers (feminine, plural)

Indefinite Articles

Indefinite articles are used when you talk about something in a general way, or when you mention it for the first time. In English, these are ‘a’, ‘an’, or ‘some’.

• Un libro – a book (masculine, singular)
• Una silla – a chair (feminine, singular)
• Unos libros – some books (masculine, plural)
• Unas sillas – some chairs (feminine, plural)

Gender Agreement

One important rule in Spanish is that the article must always agree in gender with the noun. This means if the noun is feminine, you must use a feminine article. This concept does not exist in English, so it is a key point for learners.

• El problema – the problem (note: problema ends in -a but is masculine)
• La mano – the hand (note: mano ends in -o but is feminine)

These exceptions are rare, but they show why it is helpful to always learn a noun together with its article.

Why Spanish Articles Matter

Understanding articles helps you build correct sentences from the very beginning. If you use the wrong article, your sentence may sound strange or confusing to a native speaker.

Articles also help you identify the gender of nouns, which is essential in Spanish grammar. Since adjectives and other words must also agree in gender and number, getting articles right is the first step to speaking Spanish correctly.

Finally, articles appear in almost every Spanish sentence. Learning them early saves you a lot of trouble later.

Comparing Spanish, French, and English

If you already speak French or English, here is a simple comparison to help you understand how Spanish articles work differently.

Spanish and French are quite similar in this area. Both use gendered articles. English is simpler because it uses only one form: ‘the’ for all definite articles. If you speak French, learning Spanish articles will feel very natural.

A Full Example

Let us look at a short paragraph in Spanish and identify all the articles:

El niño tiene un perro. La niña tiene una gata. Los animales son simpáticos.

Translation: ‘The boy has a dog. The girl has a female cat. The animals are friendly.’

• El niño – definite article, masculine singular
• un perro – indefinite article, masculine singular
• La niña – definite article, feminine singular
• una gata – indefinite article, feminine singular
• Los animales – definite article, masculine plural

Notice how each article matches the gender and number of the noun it introduces.

Key Takeaways

• Spanish has two types of articles: definite (el, la, los, las) and indefinite (un, una, unos, unas).
• Articles must agree in gender and number with the noun they introduce.
• Always learn a new noun with its article to remember its gender.
• Unlike English, Spanish nouns have a gender, so articles have four different forms.
• The plural indefinite articles unos and unas mean ‘some’ and are often used in everyday speech.

Sources

• Real Academia Española. (2010). Nueva gramática de la lengua española. Espasa.
• Butt, J. and Benjamin, C. (2011). A New Reference Grammar of Modern Spanish. Routledge.
• Penny, R. (2002). A History of the Spanish Language. Cambridge University Press.